Asthma in children – a review at the end of 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13112/pc.965Keywords:
pediatric asthma, preschool wheeze, biologics, astma preventionAbstract
Asthma is the most common chronic airway disease in childhood, characterized by two main endotypes: T2 high and T2 low. Guidelines of the Global initiative for asthma (GINA) recommend low dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)+formoterol or ICS+short acting β2 agonists as the preferred treatment in the first step in patients with unfrequent symptoms. For the first time, GINA guidelines stressed asthma remission as the long-term treatment goal. There are two main types of asthma remission; clinical and complete (pathophysiological remission). Preschool wheeze is associated with decreased lung function in adulthood. New guidelines of the European Respiratory Society published in 2024 recommend new definitin of preschol wheeze and stress the importance of biomarkers. Eosinophilia in peripheral blood and allergic sensibilization currently seem to be the best predictors of the response to ICS in preschool wheezers. Biologicals in asthma enable a personalized approach to asthma treatment and current scientific interests are focused on early asthma prevention.
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