Najčešći uzroci niskog rasta kod djece
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13112/pc.1249Ključne riječi:
Poremećaji rasta; Hormon rasta; Gestacijska dob; Natriuretski peptid, C-tip; Molekularno dijagnostičke tehnikeSažetak
Pravilan linearni rast karakteristika je zdravog djeteta. Svako odstupanje od normalnog/očekivanog rasta za pojedinca signal je da se nešto događa. Dijete niskog rasta ima visinu ispod 3. percentila na krivulji rasta ili ispod 2.0 SDS za svoj spol i dob. Uvijek treba istražiti i utvrditi uzrok usporenog rasta. Fiziološki nizak rast je najčešći, a manifestira se kao konstitucijsko zaostajanje u rastu i takozvani obiteljski nizak rast. Međutim, može biti i patološki nizak rast, uzrokovan neendokrinološkim (kronične bolesti krvi, bubrega, srca itd., pothranjenost, nasljedne metaboličke bolesti, sindromi) i endokrinološkim (nedostatak hormona rasta, hipotireoza, nedostaci više hormona, idiopatski nizak rast itd.) uzrocima. Djeca rođena mala za gestacijsku dob (engl. small for gestational age, SGA) također pripadaju posebnoj kategoriji. Korištenjem naprednih tehnika molekularne dijagnostike, sada se zna kako su mnoge patogene varijante gena povezane s izoliranim niskim rastom kod pojedinaca ili obitelji. Niski rast može biti proporcionalan i disproporcionalan, ovisno o tjelesnoj građi djeteta.
Adekvatno praćenje rasta tijekom djetinjstva, rana procjena niskog rasta, otkrivanje uzroka njegove pojave i pravovremeno liječenje mogu spriječiti nizak rast u odrasloj dobi.
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