Prevencija nekrotizirajućeg enterokolitisa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13112/pc.1182Ključne riječi:
Enterokolitis, nekrotizirajući; Dojenče, nedonošče; Mlijeko, humanoSažetak
Nekrotizirajući enterokolitis je multifaktorijalna, patogenetski kompleksna bolest koja prvenstveno pogađa nedonoščad i predstavlja hitnost u neonatološkoj skrbi uz visoku stopu mortaliteta i dugoročnog morbiditeta u vidu gastrointestinalnih komplikacija, zastoja somatskog napredovanja te sekundarnih ozljeda pluća i mozga s razvojem kronične plućne bolesti i neurorazvojnih sekvela. Iako je patogeneza kompleksna, tri su glavna rizična faktora koja dovode do nastanka bolesti: intestinalna imunološka nezrelost, bakterijska intestinalna kolonizacija - disbioza i enteralno hranjenje formulom. Današnje kliničke i znanstvene spoznaje rasvjetljavaju složene molekularne patogenetske mehanizme i stvaraju podlogu za implementaciju novih nutritivnih i farmakoloških mjera u svrhu prevencije bolesti. Cilj ovog preglednog rada je integrirati epidemiološke, kliničke, imunološke, mikrobiološke, preventivne i terapijske perspektive nekrotizirajućeg enterokolitisa.
Nekrotizirajući enterokolitis terminske novorođenčadi ima drugačiju patogenetsku podlogu (prirođene srčane greške, anomalije probavnog trakta, hemodinamska nestabilnost), znatno raniji početak sa sistemskom kliničkom slikom sepse ispred lokalizirane abdominalne simptomatologije i nije predmet ovog rada.
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Autorska prava (c) 2026 Mirna Sipl, Ivana Sarić
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