From obesity to hypertension: how to prevent cardiovascular diseases at an early age
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.13112/pc.1091Keywords:
OBESITY; HYPERTENSION; HEART DISEASE RISK FACTORS; PREVENTION&CONTROL; CHILDAbstract
The global rise in obesity among children and adolescents represents one of the most significant public health challenges of the 21st century. This epidemic contributes to a substantial increase in the prevalence of primary hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome in childhood and adolescence, thereby laying the foundation for the premature development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Risk factors for the development of hypertension include the degree and duration of obesity, high salt intake, sedentary lifestyle, inadequate physical activity, and socioeconomic status. The mechanisms linking obesity and hypertension involve the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sodium retention, adipocyte dysfunction, and a chronic inflammatory state. Key prevention strategies include lifestyle modifications, physical activity, and dietary measures, with weight loss being crucial for reducing arterial pressure. Early intervention and a multidisciplinary approach to preventing obesity and hypertension in childhood are essential for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and target organ damage in later life, ensuring a healthier cardiovascular profile.
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